DOS

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Overview
DOS, short for Disk Operating System, is a standard operating system introduced
by Microsoft Corporation in 1981. DOS provides the most basic instructions the
computer needs to operate. DOS tells the computer how to process information,
how to manage files and directories, and how to interpret commands.
DOS owes its origins to CP/M, an early operating system for PCs that never really caught on. DOS was first developed by a small company in Seattle, Washington, but was purchased by Microsoft who refined it and sold it to IBM as the operating system for their IBM-PC. DOS was shipped with all IBM PCs and marketed as PC- DOS. Microsoft also supplied the operating-system to companies manufacturing IBM-PC compatible computers, calling the version MS-DOS. Both MS-DOS and PC- DOS are virtually the same, although PC-DOS is designed to run on IBM PCs, and not compatibles. The widespread popularity of the IBM-PC and its clones made DOS the standard operating system for the personal computer.
It has gone through many improvements, and is now available as MS-DOS
version 6.2.
Operating systems like DOS are essential for a computer to function. They oversee the many tasks and behind-the-scenes activities that make the computer an invaluable tool. DOS manages the computers storage devices, data files, and peripherals (such as a printer or a mouse). DOS also manages the requests of software programs running on the computer, and provides the user with an interface for communicating with the computer itself. (DOS is the operating system found on IBM PCs and compatibles. Macintosh computers use an operating system called System. OS/2 is an alternative operating system for IBM PCs and compatibles, which features multitasking — the ability to run two programs at the same time. DR DOS is an operating system similar to MS-DOS but with a few more features.) DOS is a command-driven program, meaning that commands given to the operating system are typed in. Command-driven programs require users to type commands in an exact way in order to be understood. This makes DOS a bit difficult to work with.

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However, with MS-DOS version 5.0, a menu-driven interface was added as an optional feature, called the DOS Shell. With the DOS Shell, the mouse is used to select commands that are represented by graphical pictures so the user doesn't have to memorize and type in commands. With MS-DOS 6.2, the Shell was dropped as a feature because most people use Windows and don't actually type commands anymore anyway.

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